Back tension drive



M y 1949- J. D. ROSEBROUGH BACK TENSION DRIVE Filed Oct. 23, 1944 3Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR JOHN D, ROSEBROUGH,

BY J v g/M ATTORNEYS Filed Oct. 23, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORJOHND. ROSEBROUGH i (ATTORNEYS J. D. ROSEBRQUGH.

BACK TENSION DRIVE May 3, 1949.

3' Sheets-$heet 3 Filed Oct 23, 1944 R .ow rum TR N. NB R EE 10 mm .nIR. A m .wf J u Patented May 3, 1949 BACK TENSION na ve John D.Rosebrough, Detroit, Mich., assignor to American Blower Corporation,Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application October 23, 1944,Serial No. 559,966

9 Claims.

v This invention relates to apparatus for controlling or regulating thetension on a wire, web or strip during its travel through a processingapparatus.

An object of the invention is to provide a tension control forregulating the tension on material as it passes through processingapparatus by the use of fluid couplings.

Another object of the invention is to provide a back tension control formaintaining tension substantially constant on a web of material that is;being removed from one piece of mechanism and transferred to anotherpiece of mechanism.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a fluid coupling formaintaining substantially constant back tension on a web of materialthat is being removed from an apparatus controlled by the fluidcoupling.

Still another object of the invention is to pro! vide a back tensionregulating apparatus for regulating the tension on material beingremoved from a mechanism controlled by the apparatus wherein a fluidcoupling provides the means for establishing the desired tension uponrotation of the impeller and runner of the fluid coupling in oppositedirections.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus forestablishingand maintaining substantially constant tension upon materialthat is being transferred from one device to another wherein a fluidcoupling is'used in the driving connection to the apparatus from whichthe material is being-withdrawn, and this fluid coupling has the runnerand impeller thereof rotating in opposite directions to establish a re-'verse torque upon the apparatus from which the material is beingwithdrawn and thereby estab-.

lish a controlled tension upon the material while it is being withdrawnfrom the apparatus.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a tension regulatingapparatus in accordance with any of the foregoing objects wherein thefluid coupling that establishes the reverse torque or back tension uponthe material as it is being withdrawn from the source of supply is avariable speed fluid coupling to permit changes in-regulation in thetension upon the material as it is being withdrawn.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a tension regulatingmechanism using a fluid coupling with the runner and impeller thereofrotating in opposite directions to establish a. reverse torque to obtainthe desired tension control. and also to provide an apparatus forautomatically controlling the operation of the fluid coupling toregulate the same in response to changes in tension applied upon thematerial being paid out by the apparatus.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent from the drawingsand the following description.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevational view, a part of which is in cross-section,illustrating an apparatus incorporating the features of this invention.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic elevational perspective view of an apparatusfor processing a web of material that is adapted to have the tensionupon the same regulated during processing.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a variable speed fluid couplingthat may be used to produce the result desired in this invention.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a'tractlon type of fluid couplingthat may be used to regulate back tension on material in certainindustrial uses.

Figure 5 is an elevational view of brake mechanism that adapted to holdthe winding head or the unwinding head against rotation.

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a processing apparatus formaterial wherein apparatus responsive to the tension applied on, thematerial is provided for regulating the fluid coupling.

Figure '7 is an electrical wiring diagram illustrating the manner ofconnecting the electrical elements of the system and including amechanism for intermittently energizing the control circuits.

This invention relates to an apparatus for establishing and maintaininga relatively constant tension upon material that is being transferredfrom one apparatus toanother. The invention has particular merit inconnection with maintaining proper tension on webs or strips of materialthat are withdrawn from a supply roll and passed through a processingapparatus, the web of material discharging from the processing apparatusbeng taken up by a suitable take-up apparatus. Tension control apparatusis especially desirable in connection with wire drawing processes or inconnection with processes used in steel strip mills. In the applicationof the apparatus to strip mill operation, or to wire drawing operation,the material is drawn through suitable processing apparatus by means oftake-up rolls, the material being supplied from supply rolls anddelivered to take-up rolls that are conventionally termed the unwindinghead and winding head respectively.

material that isbeingprocessed. However, the

applicant's invention eliminates the use of complex control units andpermits the use of a fluid coupling for the purpose of establishing andmaintaining constant back tension upon the material that is beingwithdrawn from the supply roll.

In Figure 2 there is illustrated in diagrammatic form an apparatus forprocessing a web of material IIl. The web of material I is containedupon supply roll II and is adapted to be drawn through the processingrolls I2 by the take-'up roll I3. The take-up roll I3 may be suitablymounted upon a winding head I4 while the supply roll II may be carriedupon an unwinding head I5.

The winding head I4 is driven by an electric motor I 6 through theintermediary of a fluid coupling I1. The fluid coupling I1 may be of thetraction type or of the variable speed type, but preferably is of thevariable speed type so asto permit a change of the speed and/or of thetension of the web I0 through the processing rolls I2 whenever desired.The fluid coupling I'I provides a convenient way of driving the Windinghead I4, and is thus used in its conventional manner wherein theimpeller of the fluid coupling is driven by the electric motor I1, theimpeller in turn causing the runner of the fluid coupling to rotate in amanner that is well-known in the art to thereby cause rotation of thewinding head I4. By changing the quantity of oil in the working circuitbetween the impeller and the runner of the coupling I1, it is possibleto change the rate of speed of rotationof the winding head I4, the useof such fluid coupling in this manner being well-known in the art.

A suitable control lever I8 is provided for regulating the apparatus forcontrollingthe amount of fluid in the working circuit between the runnerand the impeller 0f fluid coupling I1 in a manner that will behereinafter described.

The unwinding head I is connected to a fluid coupling 20 by a shaft 2!,and specifically, the shaft 2| of the unwinding head I5 is connected tothe runner or driven member of the fluid coupling 20. The impeller ordriving member of the fluid coupling 20 is connected by means of theshaft 22 to an electric motor 23. The fluid coupling 20 may be of thetraction type or of the variable speed type, but preferably is of thevariable speed type to permit a change in the quantity of oil in theworking circuit between the impeller and runner of the coupling 20 topermit a change in the speed relationship between the driving shaft 22and the driven shaft 2I and the torque effort that is developed as aresult of the quantity of fluid in the working circuit of the coupling.The control of the quantity of fluid in the working circuit is regulatedby the control member 24 in a manner to be hereinafter described.

Insofar as the fiuid couplings I1 and 20 are concerned, they may be ofidentical construction, one form of variable speed fluid coupling beingillustrated in Figure 3.

The variable speed fluid coupling illustrated in Figure 3 comprises animpeller 25 and a runner 30. The impeller 25 is direct connected to adrive shaft 26 that is driven by a suitable source of power, which inthis instance may be either of 4 the electric motors I8 or 23. Therunner 33 is direct connected to the driven shaft 21, which may be theshaft that is connected to either the winding head I4 or the unwindinghead I5.

The work chamber 28 provided between the impeller and the runner 30contains 011 that is circulated betweenthe impeller and the runner toproduce a torque effort upon the runner tending to cause the same tofollow the rotation of the impeller 25 is a manner that is well-known inthe art. A leak port 23 is provided in the shell 3I that surrounds therunner 30 and constantly passes fluidfrom the work chamber 28 into theexterior casing 32 that is carried by the impeller 25. The oil in thecasing 32 is circulated through a cooler of any conventionalconstruction and returned back into the working circuit of the couplingin a conventional manner.

Various means may be employed to control the total quantity of oil inthe work chamber 28 to regulate the speed differential between theimpeller 25 and the runner 30 but as illustrated in this invention, ascoop tube 33 is provided for this purpose. The scoop tube 33 iseccentricaily mounted upon a rotatable member 34 so that the end 35 ofthe scoop tube 33 will move eccentrically relative to thecasing 32. Therotatable member 34 is controlled by the lever 24.

When the fluid coupling illustrated in Figure 3 is in operation, a bodyof oil is contained in the outer periphery of the casing 32 asillustrated by the dot-dash line 31. With the scoop tube 33 in positionwith the end completely dipping into the body of .oil 31, there is amaximum flow of fluid into the working chamber 28 of the coupling tomaintain the chamber completely filled with oil.

However, when the scoop tube is rotated about the axis of the rotatablemember 34, the end 35 of the scoop tube 33 approaches the axis ofrotation of the casing 32 and thus partially leaves the body of oil 31to thus reduce the quantity of oil that is scooped into the end Of thetube 33. Also, the

end 35 of the scoop tube 33 can be placed in a p0- sition wherein itwill not engage the body of oil 31, and at this time the work chamber 28will empty itself of oil through the leak port 29.

The-scoop tube control illustrated in Figure 3 is one means forregulating the quantity of oil that is circulated through the workchamber 28 of the fluid coupling. However, there are other means foraccomplishing this same result, such as by the use of a separate pumpcontrol, the delivery from which is regulated to supply the desiredquantity of oil into the work chamber of the fluid coupling.

The fluid coupling disclosed in Figure 3 is therefore a substantiallyconventional form of coupling that is used for the purpose of driving anapparatus. The coupling illustrated in Figure 3 is therefore one form offluid coupling that can be used between the motor I5 and the windinghead I4, taking the place of the coupling I1 wherein the driven shaft 2Iof the fluid coupling illustrated in Figure 3 is connected to thewinding head I4 and the driving shaft 22 is connected to the electricmotor I5. By properly regulating the quantity of oil in the work chamber28 of the fluid coupling, the correct amount of tension is maintained onthe web of material I0 coming from the rolls l2, which may be powerdriven independently of the winding head I4.

In many processes it is desirable, and in many instances necessary thatthe unwinding head I5 shall be prevented complete freedom of rotation,and in fact the unwinding head is depended upon fluid coupling.

for establishing and maintaining tension upon a web of material I!) thatis being withdrawn from the unwinding head by the winding head l4, or bythe work rolls l2.

In this invention the fluid coupling is provided for establishing aback-torque upon the shaft 2| of the unwinding head I5 and thereby brakethe rotation of the unwinding head I 5.

a The fluid coupling 20-is in all respects constructed in the mannerdisclosed in Figure 3. The runner 30 of the fluid coupling disclosed inFigure 3 is connected to the driven shaft 2l' of the unwinding head l5while the impeller is con- With the strip of material [0 being moved inthe direction of the arrow thereon, the unwinding head I5 will berotating in a clock-wise direction, thus rotating the runner of thefluid coupling 20 in a clock-wise direction as viewed in Figure 2.

In this instance, however, the impeller 25 pro-' vided in the fluidcoupling 20 is rotated in a counterclock-wise direction so that theimpeller is thus rotated in the opposite direction to the runner, theimpeller of the fluid coupling 20 being impeller, and thereby produces areverse torque upon the driven shaft 2| connected to the unwinding headl5 that causes back tension upon the web of material III. In view of thefact that the fluid coupling is inherently a slip device, the reversetorque or back tension developed by the nected to the drive shaft 22 ofthe electric motor coupling it becomes possible to take the oil pickedup by the scoop tube out of the coupling and put it through an oilcooler and then back into the coupling. The oil would travel fromorifice of the scoop tube 33 back into the coupling, and would be cooledupon passage through a suitable oil cooler. There is sufllcient force inthe impact of the oil on the scoop tube orifice 35 to overcome theresistance of the cooler.

In Figure '1 there is illustrated a typical installation for driving theunwinding head I 5 wherein the electric motor 23 is mounted upon a base33. The electric motor 23 is connected to the impeller of the fluidcoupling 20 by means of the drive shaft 22. The runner of the fluidcoupling 20 is connected to the drive shaft 40 that connects with a gearreducing mechanism 4|. The gear reducing mechanism 4| has a drive shaft42 extending therefrom into a bearing box 43 containing the gears 44that drive the shaft 2| connected to the unwinding head 15.

A control mechanism 45 may be 'provided to control the operation of thescoop tube of the fluid coupling 20 by changing the radial positionthereof within the coupling as previously described with regard toFigure 3, and thereby control the functioning of the same to supplementthe manual control lever 24, or the control mechanism 45 may be thesolecontrol for the fluid coupling 20. Any suitable hydraulic, pneumaticor electrical apparatus adapted to rotate the scoop tube can be providedfor this purpose and which device can be made responsive to the workbeing done by the coupling as more specifically disclosed fluid coupling20 will be substantially constant as long as the speed of rotation ofthe electric motor.

is constant and the quantity of fluid circulating in the work chamber ofthe fluid coupling remains substantially constant. However, variation inspeed of withdrawal of the web III as caused by the operation of theprocessing apparatus or by the winding head [4 will eifect the tensionor back torque developed by the fluid coupling 20 in view Itwill alsobecome apparent that the degree of back tensionupon the web of materialHi can. be controlled, or set, by regulating the quantity of oil placedinto the active work chamber 28 of the fluid coupling, the maximum backtension on the web It) being obtained when the scoop tube 33 dipscompletely into the body of oil 31 to maintain the work chambercompletely filled with oil, the back tension on the trip being graduallyreduced as the scoop tube 33 is gradually withdrawn from the body of oil31 to reduce the quantity of oil delivered into the work chamber 28 of-the When there is a large quantity of heat to dissipate from the oilbecause of 'a considerable amount ofslippage in the coupling, then inUS! the p u etype of Variable speed fluid;

with reference to Figure 6.

As is conventional, an oil cooler 41 may be provided for cooling the oilremoved from the fluid coupling 20 and returned to the same duringoperation of the coupling.

Under certain circumstances, a brakemechanism 46, more particularlydisclosed in Figure 5, may be provided for engaging the drive shaftbetween the fluid coupling 20 and the gear reducing mechanism 4i when anemergency stop of the apparatus is to be madel The brake can also servea function in the starting of a run as described later.

The brake 46 may consist of a brake d-rum 48 mounted upon the shaft 40between the fluid coupling and the gear reducer 4l. The brake shoes 49are carried upon levers 50 pivotally mounted upon the base 5| by thepivot pins 52.

The brake shoes 49 are retained in inactive position by a spring 53positioned around an actuating rod 54.

The brake 46 may be actuated electrically by a solenoid 55 having thearmature 56 thereof connected to a lever 51 by a link 58, a cam 59 beingprovided on the arm 51 to actuate the brake arms or levers 50 uponenergization' of the solenoid 55.

A brake such as that disclosed in Figure 5 can be provided on each ofthe shafts between the fluid couplings i1 and 20 and their respectivewinding head [4 and unwinding head l5 so that before starting thewinding of the web the winding roll can be inched around to properlytake up the slack between it and the work rolls. This is accomplished byperiodically releasing the brake. Once the slack is taken up and the webis taut, the brake can be permanently released during the continuationof that run.

In certain processes or conditions of operation, it may be possible toestablish the tension desired upon the web, which tension thereafterwill remain constant. Under these circumstances a traction type of fluidcoupling, such as that illustrated in Figure 4, may be substituted foreither of the fluid couplings "or 20 or both. The traction type of-fluidcoupling always has a predetermined quantity of fluid in the workchamber between the impeller and the runner to establish a predeterminedtorque. The torque can be established either as a driving unit or as aback tension unit as previously described, as determined by the mannerin which the coupling is to be used.

The traction type coupling disclosed in Figure 4 may consist ofanimpeller 60 connected to the driving shaft 6| and a runner 62 connectedto the driven shaft 63. A housing 64 encloses the runner and is securedto the impeller 66. The work chamber 65 is filled with a predeterminedquantity of oil to establish the desired speed relationship between thedrive shaft and the driven shaft and the torque fluid to be developedtherebetween. In this figure the numeral 22' indicates the driving shaftand 2| the driven shaft.

In Figures 6 and 7 inclusive there is illustrated diagrammatically asystem for maintaining a constant back tension upon a web of material byapparatus that is responsive to the tension applied upon the web, andwhich apparatus automatically controls the fluid coupling that regulatesthe back tension on the web for adjustin the same in accordance with thetension applied upon the web.

The apparatus disclosed may consist of a processing apparatus 16 throughwhich the web 66 passes. A web 66, or other material to be worked uponor processed, is withdrawn from an unwinding head 61 and transferred toa winding head 68, the web 66 passing through the processing apparatusI6. The winding head 68 is driven by an electric motor 69 that isconnected to a variable speed fluid coupling 'H' by a shaft 12, whichcoupling in turn is connected to the winding head 68 by a shaft 13. Thespeed of the electric motor 69 can be changed or the quantity of fluidin the work chamber between the runner and impeller of the fluidcoupling H can be changed to vary the speed of rotation of the windinghead 68. The fluid coupling H is provided with a scoop tube control likethat disclosed in Figure 3 that is operated by a lever [4 connected tothe manually operated lever I5.

The unwinding head 61 is connected to an electric motor I6 that isconnected to the fluid coupling 11 by a shaft 18, the fluid coupling inturn being connected to the unwinding head by a shaft 19. The fluidcoupling 11 is of the variable speed type having a scoop tube control ofthe type illus-. trated in Figure 3, which scoop tube control isactuated by the lever 86. The runner of the fluid coupling 11 is drivenin a clock-wise rotation by the unwinding head 61 while the impeller ofthe fluid coupling I1 is driven in a counter clock-wise direction by themotor 16. The operation of the back tension drive is the same as thatpreviously described.

Illustrative of means for automatically controlling the back tensionupon the web 66 at a constant level by automatically varying thequantity of oil in the work chamber between the runner and impeller ofthe fluid coupling 11 as controlled by the scoop tube control lever 86,there is illustrated in Figures 6 and '7 a diagrammatic system ofcontrol for this purpose.

The control system may consist of a roller 8! urging the web 66downwardly between the rollers 82, the roller 8| being carried upon anarm 83 that is spring -pressed downwardly by the spring 84 retainedbetween a collar 85 on the arm 83 and a stationary support and guidemember 86 for the arm 83.

The tension on the web 66 is thus balanced against the pressure of thespring 84, the compression of the spring 84 being adjustable if desired.

Thescoop tube control operating lever 88 of the fluid coupling Hisconnected to an actuat ing arm 81 having a rack 88 on one end thereofthat engages the spur gear 89 that is driven by the electric motor 96 inone direction of rotation or another, depending upon the direction ofrotation of the motor 90. Control of the motor 90, and its direction ofrotation, will thus control the position of the scoop tube actuated bythe lever 8llto adjust the quantity of oil in the work chamber betweenthe impeller and runner of the fluid coupling I1.

To control the motor 90, and its direction of rotation, there isprovided a pair of limit switches LSI and LS2, either of which may beengaged by an actuating arm 93 for closing the limit switches LSI andLS2. The actuating arm 93 is connected to the arm 83 and is pivoted onthe pivot pin 94.

The limit switch LSI is electrically in series with a relay coil A thatoperates the relay contacts Al and A2, see Figure 7, whereby thecurrentto the motor 96 is controlled for causing the motor to rotate inone direction. The limit switch LS2 is electrically in series with arelay coil B for controlling the relay contacts BI and B2, see Figure'7, whereby the current to the motor 90 is controlled to cause the sameto rotate in the reverse direction. Thus, depending upon whether relayswitch LSI or LS2 is closed, the direction of rotation of the motor 90is controlled to change the position of the scoop tube control lever 86and thus change the quantity of 011 being delivered to the work chamberbetween the impeller and runner of the fluid coupling 11 as determinedby an increase of tension on the web 66, resulting in upward movement ofthe arm 83 or a decrease in tension on the web 66, resulting in adownward movement of the arm 83. Thus, regardless of the factorsinfluencing a change of tension on the web 66, the fluid coupling 11will be adjusted to maintain areverse torque at the proper level toretain a constant back tension on the web 66.-

To prevent an over-adjustment of the fluid coupling 11 when the motor 96is energized, a circuit breaker 95 is provided having a contactor LS3 inseries with the limit switch LSI and a contactor LS4 in series with thelimit switch LS2. This circuit breaker 95 is provided with a cam 96 thatintermittently operates the arms 91 and 98 to break the circuit throughthe contactors LS3 and LS4, the cam 96 being driven by an electric motor99 that is energized whenever either limit switch LSI or LS2 is closed.Thus, the electric motor 90 will only operate for short periods and willadjust the position of the scoop tube control lever 86 in short steps ofmovement.

The automatic control system disclosed in Figures 6 and '7 is onlyillustrative of a system that can be used to automatically regulate theback tension on the web 66 in response to the tension on the web, andother control apparatus can perform this function so long as theapparatus is responsive to the tension of the web 66 and is connectedwith the fluid coupling 11 to control the cuantity of fluid deliveredinto the work chamber between the impeller and runner of the fluidcoupling. Also, the automatic control system can be made to control theoperation of an independent pump that supplies fluid to the work chamberof the fluid coupling 11 by suitably regulating the fluid discharge fromthe separate pump, either by way of controlling the speed of operationof the pump or restricting. the delivery from the pump. The controlsystem may also regulate the speed of the motor 15 through means of arheostat or other suitable electrical regulating means if desired.

While the apparatus disclosed and described herein. as well as themethod of controlling the back tension on a web or material beingprocessed, illustrates a preferred form of the invention, yet it will beunderstood that the apparatus and the method of operation is capable ofmodification without departing from the spirit of the invention, andthat all modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claimsare intended to be included herein.

Having thus fully set forth and described my invention, what I claim asnew and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus for establishing and maintaining back tension upon alength of material being processed that includes in combination, anapparatus for supporting a source of the material, mechanism forwithdrawing the material from the said source, means for establishingand maintaining a torque efiort uponthe said apparatus in the reversedirection to that produced by the said mechanism upon withdrawal of material from the said apparatus comprising a variable speed fiuid couplingincluding runner and impeller elements, means for controlling thequantity of oil between said runner and impeller elements, meansdrivingly connecting one of said elements to said apparatus whichthereby drives the same, means drivingly connecting the other of saidelements to a source of power for rotating the said other element in adirection opposite to the first element andthereby producing a torqueeffort between said elements opposed to that applied upon the saidapparatus by the said mechanism, and apparatus actuated by the tensionapplied upon the length of material for operating the said means whichcontrols the quantity of fluid between the runner and impeller elementsof said fluid coupling.

2. An apparatus for producing back tension upon material being processedthat includes in combination, an apparatus for supporting a supply ofmaterial and from which it will be unwound, means for withdrawing thematerial from the said source and thereby unwinding the same,

means for producing back tension upon the material while being unwoundcomprising a fluid coupling connected to said first apparatus having oneelement thereof rotated thereby and the second element thereof connectedto a source of power and rotated in the opposite direction, and anapparatus responsive to changes in tension upon material being processedand changing the operating effect of the said last mentioned means tomaintain substantially constant back tension upon the material.

3. An apparatus for producing back tension upon material being processedthat includes in to a source of power and rotated in theoppositedirection to the first element, means for changing the quantityof fluid circulating between the two said elements in the fluidcoupling, and an apparatus actuated in response to a change in tensionupon the material being processed operably""connected to the said lastmentioned means for operating the same to change the quantity of fluidbetween the said elements in response to a change in tension upon thematerial being processed.

4. An apparatus for producing and regulating tension upon web materialthat includes, a driven apparatus for moving a web of material in onedirection, driving means for driving said apparatus to cause saidmovement of the web and for regulating the speed of the said movement, asecond apparatus engagingthe web of material as moved by the firstapparatus and driven by the web, and a second driving means fordrivingly urging said second apparatus in a direction opposite to thatat which it is driven by the web of material engaged there-by includinga variable speed fluid coupling adapted for having the quantity offluidtherein changed to change the speed or torque output thereof and havingthe cooperating work producing members thereof operably connectedrespectively to said second driving means and said second apparatus toestablish and maintain an opposed torque between said first and secondapparatus and thereby establish tension upon a web of material extendingtherebetween, and means for changing the quantity of fluid in saidcoupling for changing the torque output of said fluid coupling andthereby change the tension upon the web of combination, an apparatus forsupporting a supmaterial that extends between said first and secondapparatus.

5. An apparatus for producing and regulating tension upon web materialthat includes, a driven apparatus for moving a web of material in onedirection, driving means for driving said apparatus to cause saidmovement of the web andfor regulating the speed of the said movement, a"second apparatus engaging the web of material by establish tension upona web of material extending therebetween, means for changing thequantity of fluid in said coupling for changing the torque output ofsaid fluid coupling and there- .by change the tension upon the web ofmaterial that extends between said first and second apparatus, and meansresponsive to the tension of a web extending between said first andsecond apparatus for actuating said last mentioned means.

6. An apparatus for producing and regulating tension upon web materialthat includes, a driven apparatus for moving a web of material in onedirection, driving means for driving said apparatus to cause saidmovement of the web and for 0nd apparatus engaging the web of messa esEfiidifi: i 11 ifiefi at set-65d H -%?-t" 'gd fiio web, a second drivingmeans having a at afrat'its e fi ofigi teiia constant speed of operationthereof for kifivihgi'y 5 I?? 'e fflzi sft f1 ai rii gi' fifi-gfkefiflgurging said second apparatus in a directiriin figgitg cb a U r ftingfyfui gfiig sau'f site to that at which it is driven by the tif ofirewot'f ojip osite to that material engaged thereby, a variable speed?it; ht f fit/$9}; iiides t statesmen: couplingadapted for having thequanti ffiifiij a adtfierb'f% sfig fi'ufd Eiqfififih' therein changed tochange the speed v. 1'5 da ted for havlng fife' auantity'fif fl idtfifziiii output thereof and having the cooperati a f t d-1%. igWdiQasse se ote tmpu web of material extending therebetweeiij ariti faiat'us fiid satiety means for changing the quantity of fiuiiiifi saidoffm t liai xtieh'fng tlierebfweehi a coupling for changing the torqueoutpu" irfi filiarfgi'n g tli'e dfia fftfty? ffufd" fluid coupling andthereby change the ion mentioned couplingff upon the web of materialthat extends "t ed?! pfft sir-seaweed tioiiedifiiii said first andsecond apparatus.

f thei by ehafigeth seaside-5311811 '7. An apparatus for producing andre tension upon web material that includes W a agiat i f "f t apparatusfor moving a web of materia 3 Kir a paraflfis 'foi inodficing direction,driving means for driving said p tus to cause said movement of the webai'i eluding a variable speed fluid coupling for transits eateries b alite'iisith nfi s tlfefinal tel-er thiiea'ag aweaad eearns ga vafianetressmassagin nstiagewie ag wealthiest tasresgeaanssta teasesaiaasna'rapts asd the & seonti fittatatie "ser eantseresrseeaseetewaa ssiite rpow igasa foreman ssstsaeifirea tifi 1a signa e siiwfiissfis aoaiatais e resignssts s cn dead iest-senses tiie xiiiit'ei iil wbii; separatsm second driving means having a relatively o stant speed of operationthereof for ii vii-fig urging said second apparatus in a direction Isite to that at which it is driven by the? material engaged thereby, avariable spe coupling adapted for having the quantity therein changed tochange the speed of" r w P v & output thereof and having the cooperating'tii's'ib rfia""firfsh ip" neiz viijji the producing members thereofoperably ssnii'd'a "io fi fhint?ofithesfia fifi fi cbfib fif irespectively to said second driving meaifs an Raw? 0133 f Ji-lfi lj wfiQF fi efisaid second apparatus to establish and j n p 9m an opposedtorque between said first an e apparatus and thereby establish tension'up dn web of material extending therebetwee means for changing thequantity of fiuid second mentioned coupling for chang'i torque output ofsaid second mentioned flui pling and thereby change the tension u web ofmaterial that extends between s'ai and second apparatus. j 8. Anapparatus for producing and reg tension upon web material that includes,a apparatus for moving a web of material i direction, driving means fordriving said we 'L. in safe ace

